Stress is the body’s response to any demand for change. The stress response is a natural, physical way to protect us from harm or threat. It helps us to stay alert and focused, and can even save our lives.
The stress response is governed by the autonomic nervous system, which is made up of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. These two systems work together to help us respond to stress in a way that is appropriate for the situation.
The sympathetic nervous system activates the “fight-or-flight” response, which prepares us for action. The parasympathetic nervous system slows down bodily functions that are not essential for survival in a dangerous situation.
Together, these two systems help us to maintain a balance between arousal and relaxation. However, when we experience chronic or long-term stress, it can lead to imbalances in these systems that can have negative effects on our health and well-being.
There are five stages of stress: alarm, resistance, exhaustion, recovery, and adaptation. The alarm stage is characterized by an increase in heart rate and blood pressure as well as heightened senses (e.g., increased vigilance). This is followed by the resistance stage during which we try to cope.
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