There are seven forms of depression: major depression, dysthymia, bipolar disorder, seasonal affective disorder (SAD), postpartum depression, premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), and Situational Depression.
Major Depression is the most common form of depression. It is characterized by a persistent feeling of sadness or emptiness, loss of interest in activities that were once enjoyed, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and changes in appetite. Major depressive episodes can last for months or even years and can have a profound effect on an individual’s ability to function at work or school and to maintain healthy relationships.
Dysthymia is a less severe but more chronic form of depression. Individuals with dysthymia may experience many of the same symptoms as those with major depression; however, the symptoms are usually less intense and may not last as long. People with dysthymia may also have difficulty functioning in their daily lives but not to the same extent as those with major depression.
Bipolar Disorder is characterized by alternating periods of mania and depression. During manic episodes individuals may feel excessively happy or irritable, have more energy than usual, take risks without thinking about the consequences, and experience little need.
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
The cause of MDD is not fully understood, but it is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic, biological, psychological, and environmental factors. Treatment for MDD typically involves antidepressant medication, psychotherapy, or a combination of the two.
If you are experiencing symptoms of depression, it is important to seek professional help. Depression is a serious condition that can lead to suicide if not treated. If you are having thoughts of harming yourself or others, please call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room immediately.
Bipolar Disorder
Symptoms of bipolar disorder can include severe mood swings from highs (mania or hypomania) to lows (depression). When in the low state, people with bipolar disorder may have trouble functioning. They may experience changes in sleep patterns and appetite, and an overall decrease in interest in activities. During manic episodes, people with bipolar disorder may act impulsively and irrationally. They may spend excessively, make poor decisions without regard for consequences, or become agitated or even violent. Bipolar disorder can be disabling and sometimes lead to suicide.
Bipolar disorder often begins in adolescence or early adulthood. Symptoms can vary greatly from person to person both in terms of severity and duration of episodes. Some people only experience a few episodes over their lifetime while others have frequent recurring episodes that can last for months or even years at a time. There is no one cause of bipolar disorder although it is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
Treatment for bipolar disorder typically involves medication (such as mood stabilizers or antipsychotics) as well as psychotherapy.
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
The exact cause of PMDD is unknown, but it is believed to be related to the hormonal changes that occur during the menstrual cycle. These changes can affect the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, which may contribute to the symptoms of PMDD.
While there is no cure for PMDD, there are treatments that can help to manage the symptoms. These include lifestyle changes, such as exercise and stress reduction, and medication. Some women may also benefit from light therapy or herbal supplements.